Maternal linoleic acid overconsumption alters offspring microbiota and gut and adipose tissue homeostasis in young but not older adult rats.
Résumé
Maternal n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption during gestation and lactation can predispose offspring to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential programming effect of n-6 PUFA upon offspring physiology are not yet all established. Herein, we investigated the effects of maternal and weaning linoleic acid (LA)-rich diet interactions on gut microbiota, intestinal and adipose tissue physiology in young (3-month old) and older (6-month old) adult offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a control-diet (2%LA) or a LA-rich diet (12%LA) during gestation and lactation. At weaning, offspring was either maintained on the maternal diet or fed the other diet for 3 or 6 months. At 3 months of age, maternal LA-diet strongly impacted offspring caecal microbiota diversity and composition and favored low-grade inflammation and greater adiposity. At 6 months of age, offspring intestinal barrier function, adipose tissue physiology and hepatic CLAs were strongly influenced by the weaning diet whereas maternal LA-diet had only few remnant effects upon caecal microbiota composition. Our study suggests that perinatal exposure to high LA levels may shape the gut microbiota of offspring and induce differential metabolic response to weaning diet exposure in adult life.
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