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Book Sections Year : 2016

Fluoride: A world ubiquitous compound, its chemistry, and ways of contamination

K. Omine
  • Function : Author
R. Sakthivel
  • Function : Author

Abstract

Fluoride, an incompatible lithophile and the most electronegative element, forms a number of soluble, pH-dependent formation of complexes with polyvalent metal ions in water. The interaction between water and sedimentary carbonates ultimately causes fluoride concentration gradient as a sequel of hydrogeochemistry. The occurrence of fluoride in groundwater due to fluorapatite solubility and the other governing factors such as rock chemistry, residence time, well depth, preferential pathways for the upward movement of deep groundwater, hydrologic condition of the pathways, and geologic structure have also been discussed. In this chapter, in addition to the geochemistry of fluoride, the chemistry of fluoride in water and its association with the other physicochemical parametric factors such as total dissolved solids and dissolved ions such as sodium, calcium, magnesium, arsenic, boron, and hydrogen carbonate have been elaborated. As fluoride and arsenic ions participate together in their occurrence in soil and hence water, their co-contamination has been exemplified from the research reports. Fluoride solubility as a function of evaporation, evapotranspiration, temperature, and water softening has also been accounted. The leaching aspects of soil-based adsorption-desorption mechanism and its ultimate destiny on fluoride enrichment of groundwater have also been added in the chapter. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.
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hal-01515176 , version 1 (27-04-2017)

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V. Sivasankar, A. Darchen, K. Omine, R. Sakthivel. Fluoride: A world ubiquitous compound, its chemistry, and ways of contamination. Surface Modified Carbons as Scavengers for Fluoride from Water, Springer International Publishing, pp.5-32, 2016, 9783319406862; 9783319406848. ⟨10.1007/978-3-319-40686-2_2⟩. ⟨hal-01515176⟩
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