The study of the link between the mechanical behaviour of metallic materials and the inspection of their microstructure is a particularly important subject of investigation. The plastic deformation of a commercial aluminium alloy AA5005 is analyzed in this work using mainly diametral compression tests and different experimental techniques of observation and characterization. Uniaxial compression tests and microhardness measurements have also been carried out in the study. For the characterization of the specimens, Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) has been used in order to ascertain the state of the microstructure of the material at different stages. Characterizations are performed with EBSD notably for the received state and after diametral compression followed by heat treatments at 400 °C.