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                <title xml:lang="en">Behavioral adjustments of endangered Barbary macaques ( Macaca sylvanus ) living at the edge of an agricultural landscape in Morocco</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Ajustements comportementaux du magot (Macaca sylvanus) espèce en danger vivant en bordure de paysages agricoles au Maroc</title>
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              <p>Transition zones between natural and human‐altered spaces are eroding in most terrestrial ecosystems. The persistence of animals in shared landscapes depends in part on their behavioral flexibility, which may involve being able to exploit human agricultural production. As a forest‐dependent species, the Barbary macaque ( Macaca sylvanus ) is affected by the progressive conversion of forest‐adjacent lands into crops. We explore how Barbary macaque behavior differs between groups living in a forest at the edge of agricultural zones (hereafter “disturbed groups”) and groups inhabiting undisturbed forests (hereafter “natural groups”). We compare the diets, activity‐budgets, home range sizes, daily path lengths, and sleeping site locations of the groups. We also quantify anthropogenic disturbances (i.e., rates of encounter with humans and dogs) and investigate relationships between such disturbances and the diets and activity budgets of macaques through multiple co‐inertia analysis. Disturbed groups included high proportions of cultivated food items in their diet and encountered over 0.5/h anthropogenic disturbances. Activity‐budgets differed between disturbed and natural groups and were mostly influenced by diets, not anthropogenic disturbances. Disturbed groups spent more time feeding and less time resting than natural ones. Patterns of space use differed markedly between groups, with disturbed groups displaying smaller home ranges, shorter daily path length, and much higher reutilization of sleeping sites than natural groups. This study highlights the dietary and behavioral flexibility of Barbary macaques living in human‐altered environments. Their patterns of space use suggest a reduction in energy expenditure in the disturbed groups due to the inclusion of cultivated food items in their diet possibly leading to increased foraging efficiency. However, the high rates of anthropogenic encounters, including aggressive ones, are likely stressful and may potentially induce extra energy costs and lead to macaque injuries. This could result in demographic costs for crop‐foraging groups, threatening the conservation of this endangered species.</p>
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              <p>Les zones de transition entre espaces naturels et espaces impactés par les humains subissent des dégradations dans la plupart des écosystèmes terrestres. La persistance des animaux dans les paysages partagés dépend pour partie de leur flexibilité comportementale, ce qui implique des capacités à exploiter les productions agricoles.En tant qu'espèce dépendante de la forêt, le magot (Macaca sylvanus) est affecté par la conversion progressive en cultures des terres adjacentes aux forêts. Nous explorons comment le comportement des magots diffère entre des groupes vivant dans une forêt en bordure de zones agricoles (ci-après « groupes perturbés ») et des groupes habitant des forêts non perturbées (ci-après « groupes naturels »). Nous comparons les régimes alimentaires, les budgets d'activité, la taille du domaine vital, la longueur des trajets quotidiens et l'emplacement des dortoirs des groupes. Nous quantifions également les perturbations anthropiques (c'est-à-dire les taux de rencontre avec des humains et des chiens) et étudions les relations entre ces perturbations et le régime alimentaire et les budgets d'activité des macaques grâce à une analyse de co‐inertie multiple. Les groupes perturbés consommaient des proportions élevées d’aliments cultivés et ont été confrontés à plus de 0,5/h de perturbations anthropiques. Les budgets d'activité différaient entre les groupes perturbés et naturels et étaient principalement influencés par les régimes alimentaires et non par les perturbations anthropiques. Les groupes perturbés passaient plus de temps à se nourrir et moins de temps à se reposer que les groupes naturels. Les modes d’utilisation de l’espace différaient sensiblement entre groupes, les groupes perturbés affichant des domaines vitaux plus petits, une longueur de trajet quotidienne plus courte et une réutilisation des dortoirs beaucoup plus élevée que les groupes naturels. Cette étude met en évidence la flexibilité alimentaire et comportementale des magots vivant dans des environnements anthropisés. Leurs modes d'utilisation de l'espace suggèrent une réduction de la dépense énergétique dans les groupes perturbés en raison de la consommation d'aliments cultivés qui pourrait conduire à une efficacité accrue de la recherche de nourriture. Cependant, les taux élevés de rencontres anthropiques, y compris agressives, sont probablement stressants et peuvent potentiellement induire des coûts énergétiques supplémentaires et entraîner des blessures aux macaques. Cela pourrait entraîner des coûts démographiques pour les groupes qui se nourrissent dans les cultures, compromettant ainsi la conservation de cette espèce menacée.</p>
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          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
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            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
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          <orgName>COHUMAG</orgName>
          <desc>Comprendre les normes de reaction spatiales des humains et des magots pour construire de nouvelles solutions pour une coexitence durable</desc>
          <date type="start">2022</date>
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