Emerging roles of circular RNAs in liver cancer
Résumé
Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are the most common primary liver tumours, whose incidence and associated mortality have increased over recent decades. Liver cancer is often diagnosed late when curative treatments are no longer an option. Characterising new molecular determinants of liver carcinogenesis is crucial for the development of innovative treatments and clinically relevant biomarkers. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) emerged as promising regulatory molecules involved in cancer onset and progression. Mechanistically, circRNAs are mainly known for their ability to sponge and regulate the activity of microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, although other functions are emerging (e.g. transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, protein scaffolding). In liver cancer, circRNAs have been shown to regulate tumour cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell death resistance. Their roles in regulating angiogenesis, genome instability, immune surveillance and metabolic switching are emerging. Importantly, circRNAs are detected in body fluids. Due to their circular structure, circRNAs are often more stable than mRNAs or miRNAs and could therefore serve as promising biomarkers - quantifiable with high specificity and sensitivity through minimally invasive methods. This review focuses on the role and the clinical relevance of circRNAs in liver cancer, including the development of innovative biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
Mots clés
next-generation sequencing
QKI
Quaking
NGS
ASO
antisense oligonucleotide
CCA
cholangiocarcinoma
CLIP
cross-linking immunoprecipitation
EMT
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
EVs
extracellular vesicles
HCC
hepatocellular carcinoma
HN1
haematopoietic- and neurologic-expressed sequence 1
IRES
internal ribosome entry sites
RBP
RNA-binding protein
RISC
RNA-induced silencing complex
TAM
tumour-associated macrophage
TSB
target site blockers
biomarker
cancer hallmarks
circRNA
circular RNA
miRNA
microRNA
shRNA
small-hairpin RNA
snRNP
small nuclear ribonuclear proteins
Domaines
Cancer
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Louis-2022-Emerging roles of circular RNAs in liver cancer.pdf (1.37 Mo)
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