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Article Dans Une Revue Critical Care Medicine Année : 2021

The Extend of Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Influenza Pneumonia: A Multicenter Cohort Study

Anaïs Raute
  • Fonction : Auteur
Pierre-Yves Egreteau
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

Objectives - To determine the frequency and prognosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia. Design - Retrospective multicenter cohort study. Setting - Five French ICUs. Patients - Patients with influenza admitted to ICU between 2009 and 2018. Measurements and main results - Of the 524 patients admitted for severe influenza diagnosed with a positive airway reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test, 450 (86%) required mechanical ventilation. A lower respiratory tract sample yielded with Aspergillus (Asp+) in 28 patients (5.3%). Ten patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with putative or proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, based on the validated AspICU algorithm. A multivariate model was built to identify independent risk factors for Aspergillus-positive pulmonary culture. Factors independently associated with Aspergillus-positive culture were liver cirrhosis (odds ratio = 6.7 [2.1-19.4]; p < 0.01), hematologic malignancy (odds ratio = 3.3 [1.2-8.5]; p = 0.02), Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype (odds ratio = 3.9 [1.6-9.1]; p < 0.01), and vasopressor requirement (odds ratio = 4.1 [1.6-12.7]; p < 0.01). In-hospital mortality of Asp+ patients was 36% versus 21% in patients without Aspergillus-positive pulmonary culture (p = 0.09). Conclusions - In this large retrospective multicenter cohort of critically ill patients, putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis according to AspICU algorithm was a relatively rare complication of influenza. Patients at higher risk of Aspergillus pulmonary colonization included those with liver cirrhosis, hematologic malignancy, H1N1pdm09 influenza A virus, and requiring vasopressors. Our results provide additional data on the controversial association between severe influenza and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Reaching a consensual definition of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis becomes mandatory and confers further prospective research.
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Dates et versions

hal-03229050 , version 1 (18-05-2021)

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Anne Coste, Aurélien Frérou, Anaïs Raute, Francis Couturaud, Jean Morin, et al.. The Extend of Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Influenza Pneumonia: A Multicenter Cohort Study. Critical Care Medicine, 2021, Publish Ahead of Print (6), ⟨10.1097/CCM.0000000000004861⟩. ⟨hal-03229050⟩
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