1. According to the dynamic equilibrium hypothesis (DEH), plant species richness is locally controlled by productivity and disturbance. Given that regional conditions widely affect local environmental variables such as soil nutrient availability, the DEH predictions could be improved by considering how climate influences local controls of species richness. Further, a trait-based approach to community assembly has the potential to reveal a deeper, mechanistic understanding of species richness variation across environments. Here, we bring together DEH and trait-based community assembly expectations to examine whether and how local relationships between diversity, disturbance and productivity are affected by habitat filtering and regional climate.2. We specifically tested how gradients of local nutrient availability and disturbance intensity interact with climatic conditions to drive the species richness of grassland communities. Further, we recast the DEH through a functional lens by exploring how disturbance–diversity and nutrient availability–diversity relationships are shaped by the functional space occupied by species in a community and species packing within this functional space.3. The functional space occupied by co-occurring species and the way they are functionally packed are quantified using multi-trait indices calculated with five core plant functional traits. Working with grassland communities spread across differing regional climatic conditions, we used mixed models to test whether the variation in taxonomic and functional metrics corresponded to the DEH predictions as well as to determine the relationship between those metrics.4. Contrary to the expectations based on the relation between species richness and the functional components considered, taxonomic and functional metrics did not vary in accordance along environmental gradients. Climate strongly interacted with the local environment to modulate local diversity patterns, sometimes even inversing a given trend and falsifying the DEH predictions.5. Synthesis. Our findings quantitatively highlight the interplay between regional and local environmental gradients in driving community assembly. We demonstrate that, depending on climatic conditions, observed patterns of both taxonomic and functional community composition can be opposite to expected productivity–diversity and disturbance–diversity relationships. This emphasizes the relevance of multifaceted studies of biodiversity and the need for a more systematic quantification of regional controls in community assembly studies.