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                  <biblScope unit="volume">34</biblScope>
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                <term xml:lang="en">left atrial surface</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Benchmark testing</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">fibrosis quantification</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">evaluation code</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">electroanatomical mapping systems</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Educational institutions</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">diseases</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">computerised tomography</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Left Atrial Segmentation Challenge</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">3D CT datasets</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">anatomical regions</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">atrial fibrillation ablation guidance</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">automatic segmentations</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Computed Tomography</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">physiological models</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">image segmentation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">LA appendage trunk</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">LASC</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">LA segmentation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">left atrial anatomy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">left atrium</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Measurement</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">medical image processing</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">MRI datasets</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">multiple input data</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ground truth</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">pulmonary vein proximal sections</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">region growing approach</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Shape</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">standardisation framework</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">statistical analysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">statistical models</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">biomedical MRI</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">biophysical modelling</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">blood vessels</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">cardiovascular disease</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">cardiovascular system</term>
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              <p>Knowledge of left atrial (LA) anatomy is important for atrial fibrillation ablation guidance, fibrosis quantification and biophysical modelling. Segmentation of the LA from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) images is a complex problem. This manuscript presents a benchmark to evaluate algorithms that address LA segmentation. The datasets, ground truth and evaluation code have been made publicly available through the http://www.cardiacatlas.org website. This manuscript also reports the results of the Left Atrial Segmentation Challenge (LASC) carried out at the STACOM'13 workshop, in conjunction with MICCAI'13. Thirty CT and 30 MRI datasets were provided to participants for segmentation. Each participant segmented the LA including a short part of the LA appendage trunk and proximal sections of the pulmonary veins (PVs). We present results for nine algorithms for CT and eight algorithms for MRI. Results showed that methodologies combining statistical models with region growing approaches were the most appropriate to handle the proposed task. The ground truth and automatic segmentations were standardised to reduce the influence of inconsistently defined regions (e.g., mitral plane, PVs end points, LA appendage). This standardisation framework, which is a contribution of this work, can be used to label and further analyse anatomical regions of the LA. By performing the standardisation directly on the left atrial surface, we can process multiple input data, including meshes exported from different electroanatomical mapping systems</p>
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