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Article Dans Une Revue Biomedical Materials Année : 2017

Chitosan-based hydrogels for developing a small-diameter vascular graft: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

D. Delmond
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N. L'Heureux
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L. David

Résumé

Aims: Vascular grafts made of synthetic polymers perform poorly in small-diameter applications (cardiac and peripheral bypass). Chitosan is a biocompatible natural polymer that can provide a novel biological scaffold for tissue engineering development. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the biocompatibility of a novel chitosan preparation in vitro and in vivo, and to assess its potential as a scaffold for vascular applications. Methods and results: A series of experiments of increasing complexity, ranging from in vitro biocompatibility and hemocompatibility tests to in vivo studies in small and large animals (rats and sheep), was performed to provide a comprehensive analysis of chitosan hydrogels' biological properties. In vitro studies established that: (i) chitosan supported human endothelial progenitor cells adhesion, proliferation and resistance to physiological shear stress; (ii) chitosan did not activate platelets, the complement system, or the intrinsic coagulation pathway. In vivo results showed: (iii) no resorption of chitosan and no chronic inflammation at 60 days in a rat heterotopic implantation model (magnetic resonance imaging and histology); (iv) no flow obstruction (Doppler ultrasound) and no thrombus formation (histology and scanning electron microscopy) at 2 h after a carotid arteriotomy repair with chitosan patches in sheep. Finally, two chitosan tubes were implanted as carotid interposition grafts for 3 days in sheep showing that chitosan was strong enough to be sutured, to withstand arterial pressure, and no flow obstruction was observed through this short period. Conclusion: Chitosan-based hydrogels displayed promising in vitro biocompatibility and hemocompatibility properties as well as in vivo short-term performance.
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Dates et versions

hal-01659658 , version 1 (08-12-2017)

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A. Aussel, N. Thebaud, B. Bérard, B. Brizzi, D. Delmond, et al.. Chitosan-based hydrogels for developing a small-diameter vascular graft: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Biomedical Materials, 2017, 12 (6), pp.065003. ⟨10.1088/1748-605X/aa78d0⟩. ⟨hal-01659658⟩
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