Seeking the harbour of Baeolo Claudia: new geoarchaeological research
En busca del puerto de Baelo Claudia: nuevas investigaciones geoarqueológicas
Résumé
Baelo Claudia was one of the main commercial and port cities of the Fretum gaditanum, also used as a passenger port for North African connections, as confirmed by Strabo. On the occasion of the European Portuslimen project, it has been possible to analyse this topic through a combined strategy (archaeological, geophysical and geoarchaeological), materialised in three field campaigns: geophysical prospection, 23 manual geoarchaeological soundings and review of the archaeological documentation in 2016; 3 mechanical rotary soundings in 2017 and 9 archaeological verification soundings in 2018. All this has allowed, with new data, a synthesis of our knowledge of the port of the Roman city and the secondary wharves (the latter being particularly important for interconnecting the quarries with the city).
In relation to the urban port, the existence of a large maritime façade coinciding with the southern wall of the city has been verified, in addition to the discovery of two mooring stones with through perforations. The geoarchaeological and palaeoenvironmental study has verified the existence in the maritime-terrestrial interface of pre-Roman deposits with dark sediments, but not from a later period, suggesting that the water column in this area close to the city was not sufficient to allow the beaching of large vessels. Furthermore, archaeological surveys confirm the existence of Roman constructions under the present beach, which have been largely dismantled, ruling out the existence of an ancient lagoon in the area, and suggesting that the connection between the city and the inlet of Bolonia would have been made with wooden jetties perpendicular to the coast to reach deep water, assisted by smaller boats to reach the beach
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