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Article Dans Une Revue Progress in Surface Science Année : 1997

Image formation in near-field optics

Résumé

An overview is presented of the image formation theory in near-field optical microscopy. The emphasis is placed on the basic concepts and the understanding of the images. We briefly recall the general principles used in near-field optics to break the resolution limit. Since some of the concepts widely used in optics become meaningless in near field, a brief critical review of basic concepts is given. A theory of scattering of electromagnetic waves by inhomogeneous surfaces is then presented. For objects much smaller than the wavelength, a closed-form expression of the scattered field is derived, which provides a link between the near field and the structure of the sample. The different set-ups and their imaging capabilities are analysed. A general relationship between the signal and the induced currents in the sample is derived by means of the reciprocity theorem. The set-ups are compared and an equivalence between illumination and collection mode is proven. It is shown that, when multiple scattering between the sample and the rest of the system can be neglected, an impulse response can be defined for the three different types of set-ups: illumination mode, collection mode and apertureless. The importance of coherence in the near field is studied. Finally, the influence of the different control modes (constant height, constant intensity, constant tip-sample distance) is analysed and the existence of artifacts is discussed.

Dates et versions

hal-01621222 , version 1 (23-10-2017)

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Citer

Jean-Jacques Greffet, Remi Carminati. Image formation in near-field optics. Progress in Surface Science, 1997, 56 (3), pp.133 - 237. ⟨10.1016/S0079-6816(98)00004-5⟩. ⟨hal-01621222⟩
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